Calculez d'abord la décade pour chaque ligne
select floor(year(`year`) / 10) * 10 as decade
from tbl_people
puis utilisez ce résultat intermédiaire pour compter SQL Fiddle
select count(*), decade, decade + 9
from (select floor(year(`year`) / 10) * 10 as decade
from tbl_people) t
group by decade
ou ce SQL Fiddle , si vous voulez la décennie dans une colonne
select count(*) as count, concat(decade, '-', decade + 9) as year
from (select floor(year(`year`) / 10) * 10 as decade
from tbl_people) t
group by decade