Cet article répertorie le SQL SELECT syntaxe, telle qu'implémentée par divers systèmes de gestion de bases de données (SGBD). La syntaxe est répertoriée exactement comme chaque fournisseur l'a répertoriée sur son site Web. Cliquez sur le lien applicable pour afficher plus de détails sur la syntaxe d'un fournisseur particulier.
Les SGBD couverts sont MySQL, SQL Server, PostgreSQL et Oracle Database.
MySQL
Du manuel de référence MySQL 5.7 :
SELECT
[ALL | DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW ]
[HIGH_PRIORITY]
[MAX_STATEMENT_TIME = N]
[STRAIGHT_JOIN]
[SQL_SMALL_RESULT] [SQL_BIG_RESULT] [SQL_BUFFER_RESULT]
[SQL_CACHE | SQL_NO_CACHE] [SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS]
select_expr [, select_expr ...]
[FROM table_references
[PARTITION partition_list]
[WHERE where_condition]
[GROUP BY {col_name | expr | position}
[ASC | DESC], ... [WITH ROLLUP]]
[HAVING where_condition]
[ORDER BY {col_name | expr | position}
[ASC | DESC], ...]
[LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFFSET offset}]
[PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_list)]
[INTO OUTFILE 'file_name'
[CHARACTER SET charset_name]
export_options
| INTO DUMPFILE 'file_name'
| INTO var_name [, var_name]]
[FOR UPDATE | LOCK IN SHARE MODE]] SQL Server
À partir de la référence Transact-SQL :
<SELECT statement> ::=
[WITH <common_table_expression> [,...n]]
<query_expression>
[ ORDER BY { order_by_expression | column_position [ ASC | DESC ] }
[ ,...n ] ]
[ <FOR Clause>]
[ OPTION ( <query_hint> [ ,...n ] ) ]
<query_expression> ::=
{ <query_specification> | ( <query_expression> ) }
[ { UNION [ ALL ] | EXCEPT | INTERSECT }
<query_specification> | ( <query_expression> ) [...n ] ]
<query_specification> ::=
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ]
[TOP ( expression ) [PERCENT] [ WITH TIES ] ]
< select_list >
[ INTO new_table ]
[ FROM { <table_source> } [ ,...n ] ]
[ WHERE <search_condition> ]
[ <GROUP BY> ]
[ HAVING < search_condition > ] PostgreSQL
À partir du manuel PostgreSQL 9.5 :
[ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
[ * | expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ]
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY grouping_element [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL | DISTINCT ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | NO KEY UPDATE | SHARE | KEY SHARE } [ OF table_name [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT | SKIP LOCKED ] [...] ]
where from_item can be one of:
[ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
[ TABLESAMPLE sampling_method ( argument [, ...] ) [ REPEATABLE ( seed ) ] ]
[ LATERAL ] ( select ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ]
with_query_name [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
[ LATERAL ] function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] )
[ WITH ORDINALITY ] [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
[ LATERAL ] function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) [ AS ] alias ( column_definition [, ...] )
[ LATERAL ] function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) AS ( column_definition [, ...] )
[ LATERAL ] ROWS FROM( function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) [ AS ( column_definition [, ...] ) ] [, ...] )
[ WITH ORDINALITY ] [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
from_item [ NATURAL ] join_type from_item [ ON join_condition | USING ( join_column [, ...] ) ]
and grouping_element can be one of:
( )
expression
( expression [, ...] )
ROLLUP ( { expression | ( expression [, ...] ) } [, ...] )
CUBE ( { expression | ( expression [, ...] ) } [, ...] )
GROUPING SETS ( grouping_element [, ...] )
and with_query is:
with_query_name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] AS ( select | values | insert | update | delete )
TABLE [ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] Base de données Oracle
À partir de la documentation en ligne de la base de données Oracle 12c Version 1 (12.1) :
subquery [ for_update_clause ] ;
Voici un aperçu des options.
sous-requête ::=
{ query_block
| subquery { UNION [ALL] | INTERSECT | MINUS } subquery
[ { UNION [ALL] | INTERSECT | MINUS } subquery ]...
| ( subquery )
} [ order_by_clause ] [ row_limiting_clause ] for_update_clause ::=
FOR UPDATE
[ OF [ [ schema. ] { table | view } . ] column
[, [ [ schema. ] { table | view } . ] column
]...
]
[ { NOWAIT | WAIT integer
| SKIP LOCKED
}
] Consultez la documentation officielle d'Oracle pour une explication des sous-clauses des composants.
Utilisation de l'interface graphique
La plupart des interfaces graphiques de SGBD fournissent un "générateur de requêtes" ou similaire pour créer des requêtes complexes. Par exemple, SQL Server Management Studio dispose du concepteur de requêtes qui fournit cette fonctionnalité.
