Comment puis-je structurer une requête pour ne me donner que les lignes qui correspondent à TOUTES les valeurs dans une liste CSV d'ID dans T-SQL

Utilisez la fonction de séparation ci-dessous qui renvoie une colonne int. Il est donc facile de vérifier le nombre dans la clause HAVING.

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[DelimitedParamParser]( @DelimitedIds VARCHAR(MAX), @Delimiter CHAR(1)) 
RETURNS @IdsTable 
TABLE ( Id INT ) 
AS BEGIN

DECLARE @Length INT,
        @Index INT,
        @NextIndex INT

SET @Length = DATALENGTH(@DelimitedIds)
SET @Index = 0
SET @NextIndex = 0


WHILE (@Length > @Index )
BEGIN
    SET @NextIndex = CHARINDEX(@Delimiter, @DelimitedIds, @Index)
    IF (@NextIndex = 0 ) SET @NextIndex = @Length + 2
        INSERT @IdsTable SELECT SUBSTRING( @DelimitedIds, @Index, @NextIndex - @Index )
    SET @index = @nextindex + 1
END
 RETURN
END

Cela fonctionne, gardez à l'esprit de donner une virgule supplémentaire à la fin.

DECLARE @DELIMITER CHAR = ','
DECLARE @CSV_STRING VARCHAR(20) = '1,3,'

SELECT Distinct SUPER_HERO.NAME, SKILL.NAME
FROM 
    SUPER_HERO
    INNER JOIN SUPER_HERO_SKILL ON  SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SUPER_HERO_ID = SUPER_HERO.ID
    INNER JOIN SKILL ON SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SKILL_ID = SKILL.ID
    WHERE SUPER_HERO.ID IN
    (
    SELECT SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SUPER_HERO_ID   
    FROM 
        SUPER_HERO
        INNER JOIN SUPER_HERO_SKILL ON  SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SUPER_HERO_ID = SUPER_HERO.ID
        INNER JOIN SKILL ON SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SKILL_ID = SKILL.ID
        INNER JOIN DelimitedParamParser(@CSV_STRING, @DELIMITER) SPLIT  ON SPLIT.ID = SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SKILL_ID
    GROUP BY SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SUPER_HERO_ID
    HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT(SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SKILL_ID)) = (SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(Id)) FROM DelimitedParamParser(@CSV_STRING, @DELIMITER))
    )