Vous avez besoin d'une table de dates, puis d'une jointure gauche à la table des builds.
Quelque chose comme ça :
SELECT
COUNT(id) AS 'Past-Month-Builds',
CONCAT(MONTH(DateTable.Date), '-', DAY(DateTable.Date)) as 'Month-Day'
FROM DateTable
LEFT JOIN builds ON DATE(builds.submittime) = DateTable.Date
WHERE DateTable.Date >= DATE_SUB(CURDATE(), INTERVAL 30 day)
GROUP BY MONTH(submittime), DAY(submittime);