le problème est que votre fonction de flèche utilise le lexique this https ://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Arrow_functions
changer
userSchema.pre("save", (next) => {
const currentDate = new Date
this.updated_at = currentDate.now
next()
})
à
userSchema.pre("save", function (next) {
const currentDate = new Date()
this.updated_at = currentDate.now
next()
})